IELTS Reading Multiple Choise Question Example:

Reading Passage

The concept of ‘rewilding’, the large-scale restoration of ecosystems to a point where nature can take care of itself, is gaining considerable traction in environmental circles. This approach goes beyond simple conservation, which often focuses on maintaining existing habitats. Instead, rewilding aims to reinstate natural processes and missing species. Proponents argue that it can lead to more resilient and biodiverse ecosystems. For instance, the reintroduction of apex predators, such as wolves, can have a cascading effect on the entire food web, a phenomenon known as a trophic cascade. Their presence can control the populations of herbivores like deer, preventing overgrazing and allowing vegetation to recover. This, in turn, benefits a wide array of other species, from insects to birds.

However, rewilding is not without its critics. A primary concern is the potential for conflict with human interests. Reintroducing large predators to areas where they have been absent for centuries can pose a perceived, and sometimes real, threat to livestock. This has led to significant opposition from farming communities, who fear for their livelihoods. Furthermore, some scientists express caution, highlighting the unpredictability of ecosystem responses. They argue that simply reintroducing species is not a guaranteed formula for success and that unforeseen ecological consequences could arise. Successful rewilding projects, therefore, often require not just ecological expertise but also careful planning and extensive consultation with local communities to mitigate potential conflicts and ensure long-term viability.

Questions 1-4

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

1. What is the author’s primary purpose in the passage?     

A. To argue that rewilding is the only solution to environmental degradation.     

B. To present a balanced overview of the concept of rewilding, including its benefits and drawbacks.     

C. To criticise the reintroduction of apex predators into modern landscapes.     

D. To provide a detailed guide on how to start a rewilding project.

2. According to the passage, what is a “trophic cascade”?     

A. The process of restoring an ecosystem to its original state.     

B. The widespread impact that the reintroduction of a single species can have on an ecosystem.     

C. The opposition to rewilding from farming communities.     

D. The unpredictable consequences of altering a natural habitat.

3. What is mentioned as a significant challenge to rewilding initiatives?     

A. A lack of interest from environmental circles.     

B. The difficulty in finding suitable species for reintroduction.     

C. The potential for negative interactions with human activities, particularly farming.     

D. A shortage of scientific expertise in ecosystem restoration.

4. The passage suggests that for rewilding projects to be successful, they must…     

A. focus solely on the scientific aspects of reintroduction.     

B. be implemented quickly to avoid ecological damage.     

C. receive unanimous support from all local residents.     

D. involve careful planning and engagement with the local population.

Answer Key

1. B
2. B
3. C
4. D